The term that refers to the type and timing of a product launch is:

The term that best describes the type and timing of a product launch is "Scope." In this context, "Scope" encompasses the boundaries and parameters of the launch, including what the product is, the target market, and the timeline for introduction into the market. It defines the overall vision for the launch and ensures that all team members and stakeholders have a clear understanding of what is to be accomplished and when.

This concept is vital because a well-defined scope helps in aligning marketing strategies, resource allocation, and project timelines, ultimately leading to a more successful launch. Additionally, it sets expectations for performance and allows for measuring success against established objectives.

While other terms like "Scale," "Strategy," and "Plan" pertain to different aspects of product launches—which might include how large the launch will be, the overall strategic framework, and the detailed steps to execute—it is the "Scope" that specifically relates to the type of launch and when it occurs within the product lifecycle.